Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of the bacteria that naturally occur in the vagina. In a healthy vagina, there is a delicate balance between "good" bacteria (such as lactobacilli) and other microorganisms. When this balance is disrupted, typically due to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, it can lead to bacterial vaginosis.

The exact cause of BV is not fully understood, but factors such as douching, multiple sexual partners, and certain sexual practices may increase the risk of developing the infection. Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis can include abnormal vaginal discharge that is thin, gray, or white, a strong fishy odor, and vaginal itching or irritation. However, some individuals with BV may not experience any symptoms.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is typically done through a pelvic exam and testing of vaginal discharge samples. Treatment for BV usually involves antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider to restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina. It is essential for individuals with BV to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.

Prevention of bacterial vaginosis may involve practicing good genital hygiene, avoiding douching, using condoms during sexual activity, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Regular gynecological exams and screenings can help detect and treat BV early. Education, awareness, and open communication with healthcare providers about vaginal health and any concerns or symptoms are important in promoting overall reproductive health and well-being.