Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic liver disease. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is primarily transmitted through contact with infectious blood or body fluids, such as semen, vaginal secretions, or saliva. Hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child during childbirth, through sexual contact, sharing needles, or exposure to contaminated blood.

Symptoms of acute hepatitis B may include fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, and vomiting. While some individuals with acute hepatitis B may recover on their own, others may develop chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to serious liver complications over time, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Diagnosis of hepatitis B is typically done through blood tests to detect the presence of hepatitis B antigens and antibodies. Treatment for hepatitis B may involve antiviral medications to control the virus and prevent liver damage. In some cases, individuals with chronic hepatitis B may require long-term monitoring and care to manage the infection and its complications.

Prevention of hepatitis B involves vaccination, which is highly effective in preventing infection. The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants, healthcare workers, individuals at higher risk (such as those with multiple sexual partners or injection drug users), and travelers to regions with high rates of hepatitis B. Other prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and getting tested and treated for hepatitis B if exposed to the virus.

Education, awareness, and access to healthcare services are important in preventing the spread of hepatitis B, promoting vaccination, and supporting individuals affected by the virus in managing their health and well-being.